A Timeline of Jewish History

A Timeline of Jewish History (Persons, Places, Events, and Things/Terms that have shaped the Jewish world)

*This portion of tumms.org will be undergoing development over the course of many years. We hope the present a "timeline of timelines" and thus much time a research we be necessary. Please keep this in mind when viewing this area of our web site, and please forgive the partial entries, truncated
references, etc. --webmaster

PERSON [Before the Flood of Noach] (B'nei HaShem -- Child(ren) of G-d); [After the Flood of Noach, but Before Mt. Sinai] (B'nei Noach -- Child(ren) of Noach; [After Mt. Sinai] (B'nei Yisroel -- Jew; B'nei Noach -- Non-Jew): NAME [Jewish Date(s)/Secular Date(s)]

PLACE: Place [Jewish Date(s)/Secular Date(s)]

EVENT: Event [Jewish Date(s)/Secular Date(s)]

THING/TERM:

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

EVENT: Creation of the World (1/3760 b.c.e.) [NOTE: the world was not considered to finished until Adam was created. Adam was completed when G-d gave him a soul. This event, the Sixth Day of Creation, occurred on Rosh Hashanah [1st of Tishrei] of the first year of the Jewish calendar. The length of time that passed prior to Rosh Hashanah of the year 1 is open to discussion, and will, G-d willing, be addressed in another area of tumms.org.]

PERSON(S) (B'nei HaShem): Adam & Chava (Eve) in the Garden of Eden (1/3760 b.c.e.).

PERSON (B'nei HaShem): Meshushalach (Methuselah) is born (687/3074 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Adam dies (930/2831 b.c.e.)

PERSON (B'nei HaShem): Noach is born (1056/2705 b.c.e.)

PERSON (B'nei Noach, BUT before the Flood): Shem is born (1558/2203 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Flood of Noach (1656/2105 b.c.e.)

PERSON (B'nei Noach): Ever (ancestor of Abraham) is born (1723/2038 b.c.e.)

PERSON (B'nei Noach/The first 'voluntary' Jew): Avraham (Abraham) is born (1948/1813 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Exile of mankind from Bavel (Babel/Babylon) after the tower was built (1996/1765 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Ben HaShem; Shevah Mitzvos B'nei Noach): Noach dies (2006/1755 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Bris Bein HaBetarim -- the Covenant with Avraham (2018/1743 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Avraham moves to the Land of Canaan (2023/1738 b.c.e.)

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

EVENT: Avraham circumcises himself and Yishmael (2048/1713 b.c.e.)

EVENT: S'dom (Sodom) & Amorrah (Gomorrah) are destroyed (2048/1713 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Yitzchak (Isaac) is born (2048/1713 b.c.e.)

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

EVENT: THE AKEDA: Yitzchak was "bound" to be an offering (2084/1677 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Bas Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Sarah dies (2084/1677 b.c.e.)

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

PERSON(S) (B'nei Noach; 'Voluntary' Jews): Yaakov (Jacob) and Eisav (Esau) are born (2108/1653 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Avraham dies (2123/1638 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach): Shem (Noach's son) dies (2158/1603 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yitzchak blesses Yaakov instead of Eisav (2171/1590 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yaakov marries Leah and Rachel (2192/1569 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Yosef (Joseph) is born (2199/1562 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yaakov leaves Charan (2205/1556 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yosef is sold (2216/1545 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Yitzchak dies (2228/1533 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yosef becomes Viceroy of Egypt (2229/1532 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yaakov and his family move to Egypt (2238/1523 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Yaakov dies (2255/1506 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew): Yosef dies (2309/1452 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The B'nei Yisroel are enslaved in Egypt (2332/1429)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew; After Mt. Sinai, a Jew): Moshe (Moses) was born (2368/1393 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Ben Noach; 'Voluntary' Jew; After Mt. Sinai, a Jew): Yehoshua (Joshua) is born (2406/1355 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Moshe sees the Burning Bush (2447/1314 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The B'nei Yisroel leave Egypt (2448/1313 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Torah is given to the Children of Israel at Mount Sinai (2448/1313 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Moshe comes down from the mountain with the Second set of the Tablets of the Ten Commandments. (2449/1312 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Mishkan (Tabernacle) is erected (2449/1312 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Ten of the twelve spies return with bad news regarding the Land of Israel (2449/1312 b.c.e.)

EVENT(S): Aaron and Miriam die (2487/1274 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Moshe dies (2488/1273 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The B'nei Yisroel cross the River Jordan into the Promised Land (2488/1273 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Land of Israel is finished being divided between the Tribes (2503/1258 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Yehoshua dies (2516/1245 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Shoftim (Judges) begin to rule The Land (2533/1228 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Devorah (Deborah) is the Leader of Klal Yisroel (2654/1107 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Gideon is the leader of Klal Yisroel (2694/1067 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Shimshon (Samson) is the leader of Klal Yisroel (2810/951 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Eli HaKohen is leader of Klal Yisroel (2830/931 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): David ben Yishai (David son of Jesse) is born (2854/907 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Shmuel (Samuel) is leader of Klal Yisroel (2871/890 b.c.e.)

PERSON (Jew): Shaul (Saul) is anointed King (2882/879 b.c.e.)

EVENT: David becomes King in Chevron (Hebron) (2884/877 b.c.e.)

EVENT: David becomes King over all of Israel in Jerusalem (2892/869 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Shlomo (Solomon) is King (2924/837 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Beginning of the construction of the First Temple (2928/833 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The First Temple is completed (2928/826 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): King Shlomo dies (2964/797 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Kingdom is divided (2964/797 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yeho'ash (Joash) renovates the First temple (3084/677 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Yeshayahu (Isaiah) begins to prophecy (3142/619 b.c.e.)

[NOTE: There is a difference of opinion between the Sages of Israel and secular scholars/archaeologists over the date of the destruction of the First Temple. The non-Jewish world has accepted a date of 586 b.c.e., while Seder Olam has determined the date to be 423 b.c.e. -- a difference of some 163 years. One of the goals we have set for ourselves here at www.tumms.org is to give -- as complete as possible -- an accounting of this controversy. Please be patient.]

EVENT: The first two of the ten tribes are exiled (3187/574 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Two more of the ten tribes are exiled (3195/566 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Chizkiyahu (Hezekiah) is king of Yehuda (3199/562 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The last six of the ten tribes are exiled (3205/556 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Sancheriv invades Eretz Yehuda (3213/548 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Menasheh ben Chizkiyahu is king of Yehuda (3228/533 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah) begins to prophecy (3298/463 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yoshiyahu (Josiah) renovates the First Temple (3303/458 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yerushalayim is conquered; Yehoyakim is exiled (3319/442 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yehoyakim burns Megillas Eycha (3321/440 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yerushalayim is conquered again; Yehoyachin is exiled (3327/434 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yirmiyahu continued to prophecy impending doom (3331/430 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Yechezk'el (Ezekiel) prophecies in exile (3332/429 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The final siege on Yerushalayim (3336/425 b.c.e)

EVENT: The First Temple is destroyed (3338/423 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The murder of Gedalyah ben Achikam (3339/423 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): the Prophet Daniel interprets Nebuchadnetzar's dream (3340/421 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Yechezk'el prophecies about the future Temple (3352/410 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Daniel reads the writing on the wall (3389/372 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Daniel is thrown into the lion's den (3389/372 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Zerubavel leads a return to the Land of Israel (3390/371 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The rebuilding of the Temple is begun then stopped (3391/370 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Non-Jew): Achashverosh II puts on a grand banquet (3395/366 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Esther is taken to the palace (3399/362 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Esther takes action against Haman's desires (3404/357 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Morechai proclaims Purim (3406/355 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Building of the Second Temple resumes (3408/353 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Second Temple is completed (3412/349 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Ezra leads a return to Eretz Yisroel (3413/348 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Nechemyah returns to rebuild the walls of Yerushalayim (3426/335 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Ezra dies (3448/313 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Shimon HaTzadik meets Alexander the Great (3448/313 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Minyah Shtaros (Counting of Documents) begins (3449/313 b.c.e)

PERSON(Jew): Shimon HaTzadik dies (3488/273 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Seventy-two Sages if Israel translate the Torah into the Greek language; the result of the Septuagint (LXX) (3515/246 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Mattisyahu & the Chashmona'im revolt (3621/140 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew/Levi): Yehuda HaMaccabi rules (3622/139 b.c.e.)

EVENT: The Second Temple is rededicated (precursor to Chanukah) (3622/139 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Chanukah is declared to be a festival (3623/138 b.c.e)

PERSON(Jew/Levi): Yehuda HaMaccabi is killed in battle (3628/133 b.c.e)

EVENT: The Romans are in control of Yehuda (Judea) (3700/61 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Herod I rules; he kills all of the Chashmona'im (3725/36 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Hillel is the leader of the Torah scholars (3728/33 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Herod I begins renovating the Second Temple (3742/19 b.c.e.)

EVENT: Renovations on Second Temple are complete (3750/11 b.c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Hillel dies (3788/8 c.e.)

EVENT: The Sanhedrin no longer convene in the Second Temple (3788/28 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Raban Gamliel I (ben Shimon, ben Hillel) dies (3810/50 c.e.)

PERSON(Non-Jew): General Vespasian arrived in Yehuda to affirm Roman authority (3826/66 c.e.)

EVENT: The Second Temple is destroyed (3829/69 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yochanan ben Zakkai dies (3834/74 c.e.)

EVENT: The Sanhedrin begins to move from location to location (3846/86 c.e.)

EVENT: Betar falls; Bar Kochba's revolution ends in defeat (3893/133 c.e.)

EVENT: Judaism, in the Land of Israel, is banned by the Roman Empire; R' Akiva is imprisoned (3894/134 c.e.)

EVENT: R' Yehuda HaNassi completes his extensive codification of the Mishnah (3949/189 c.e. +/-)

PERSON(Jew): Rav leaves the Land of Israel and settles in Bavel (Babylonia) (3979/219 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Shmuel has the Talmudic authority in Bavel (4007/247 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yochanan is the Leading Talmudic authority (4014/254 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Huna is the Leading Talmudic authority (4050/290 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yehuda is the Leading Talmudic authority (4058/298 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Chisda is the Leading Talmudic authority (4060/300 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rabbah is the Leading Talmudic authority (4069/309 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yosef is the Leading Talmudic authority (4081/321 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Abbaye is the Leading Talmudic authority (4085/325 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rava is the Leading Talmudic authority (4098/338 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Hillel II becomes Nassi (Leader); he codified the Jewish calendar during his period of leadership) (4119/359 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Ashi is the Leading Talmudic authority (4152/392 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Ashi dies after the completion of the Gemara (4187/427 c.e.)

EVENT: The Talmud (Mishnah & Gemara) are completed when Ravina Ii dies (4235/475 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Mar Zutra proclaims Jewish self-rule in Bavel (Babylonia) (4311/551 c.e.)

EVENT: The Mesivta (Yeshiva/high school) of Pumpedisa was reconstructed by
R' Chanan (4349/589 c.e.)

EVENT: The Mesivta of Sura was reconstructed (4369/609 c.e.)

EVENT: The Persians conquer Eretz Yisroel (4374/614 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are allowed to return to Yerushalayim (4374/614)

EVENT: The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire reconqueres Eretz Yisroel (4389/629 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yitzchak is the last Gaon of Neharde'a (Firuz-Shabur) (4396/636 c.e.)

EVENT: The Arabs conquer Eretz Yisroel (4397/637 c.e.)

EVENT: One of the Takkanos HaGe'onin is enacted (4405/645 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Achai Gaon leaves Bavel for Eretz Yisroel (4515/755 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yehudai becomes Gaon of Sura (4519/759 c.e.)

EVENT: The Halachos Gedolos (BeHag) is written during this time (4519/759 c.e.)

EVENT: Another of the Takkanos HaGe'onin is enacted (4548/788 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Amram (organizer of the Siddur) becomes Gaon of Sura (4618/858 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rabbeinu Sa'adya is appointed Gaon of Sura (4688/928 c.e.)

EVENT: The Four Captives were ransomed about this time (4715/955 c.e. +/-)

PERSON(Jew): R' Sherira is Gaon of Pumpedisa (4728/968 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Hai is the last Gaon of Pumpedisa (4757/997 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Hai Gaon dies and the Torah institutions of Bavel begin to decline (4798/1038 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rabbeinu Gershom Me'or HaGola dies (4800/1040 c.e.)

EVENT: The First Crusades destroy Jewish communities (4856/1096 c.e.)

EVENT: Yerushalayim is captured by the Crusaders (4859/1099 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rif dies (4863/1103 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rashi dies and the age of the Tosafos begins (4865/1105 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rambam (Maimonidies) is born (4895/1135 c.e.)

EVENT: The first (recorded) Blood Libel takes place (4904/1144 c.e.)

EVENT: The Second Crusade attacks Jewish communities (4907/1147 c.e.)

EVENT: Rabbeinu Tam is captured by the Crusaders (4907/1147 c.e.)

EVENT: The Rambam's and the Radak's families leave Cordova, Spain (4908/1148 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rambam visits Eretz Yisroel (4925/1165 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Rabbeinu Tam dies (4931/1171 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rashbam dies (4935/1175 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The young son of Ri is killed (4944/1184 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are allowed to return to Yerushalayim (4948/1187 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yaakov D'Orleans is killed in London (4949/1189 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews of England are massacred during the Third Crusade (4950/1190 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Redak writes his commentary (4951/1191 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ramban (Nachmonides) is born (4954/1194 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ra'avad dies (4959/1198 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rambam dies (4965/1204 c.e.)

EVENT: Mobs massacre Jews in France (4996/1236 c.e.)

EVENT: The Talmud is burned in Paris (5002/1242 c.e.)

EVENT: Yerushalayim is overrun by Egyptians and Turks (5004/1244 c.e.)

EVENT: The Inquisition begins to use torture as a method of getting Marrano Jews to admit that they have returned to practicing Judaism (5012/1252 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ramban (Nachmonidies) dies in Eretz Yisroel (5030/1270 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maharam of Rothenberg is imprisoned (5046/1286 c.e.)

EVENT: The age of the Tosafos ends about this time (5050/1290 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are expelled from England (5050/1290 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maharam of Rothenberg dies in prison (5053/1293 c.e.)

EVENT: The Rindfleisch massacre begins (5058/1298 c.e.)

EVENT: The Mordechai and Hagahot Maimoniyos are killed (5058/1298 c.e.)

EVENT: The Rashba places a limited restriction on the study of philosophy (5065/1305 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rosh (with his son, the Tur) arrive in Spain (5065/1305 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are expelled from France (5066/1306 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Rosh dies (5088/1327 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews of Germany are massacred by Armledder hoards (5096/1336 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ralbag writes his commentary on Tanach (5098/1338 c.e.)

EVENT: The Black Death Massacres sweep across the European Continent (5109/1349 c.e.)

EVENT: The Ran, Rivash, and other scholars are imprisoned (5127/1367 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews of Spain are massacred; many become Marranos (5151/1391 c.e.)

EVENT: The Rivash and Rashbatz leave Spain (5151/1391 c.e.)

EVENT: The final expulsion of Jews from France (5155/1394 c.e.)

EVENT: R' Yosef Albo is forced to debate Christians (5173/1413 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews of Austria are massacred in the Wiener Gezera (5181/1421 c.e.)

EVENT: The invention of the Printing Press is used for Jewish books (5235/1475 c.e.)

EVENT: The Inquisition is established in Spain (5241/1481 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Ovadya Bartinura settles in Yerushalayim (5248/1488 c.e.)

PERSON(Non-Jew): Columbus consults with R' Avraham Zacuto before his voyage of discovery (5251/1491 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are expelled from Spain and Sicily (5252/1492 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yitzchak Abarbanel arrives in Naples after leaving Spain (5253/1493 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews are expelled from Portugal (5257/1496 c.e.)

EVENT: The Eyin Yaakov is printed (5276/1516 c.e.)

EVENTS: The Turks (The Ottoman Empire) conquer Eretz Yisroel (5276/1516 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yosef Yoselman saves Jews during the Peasant's War (5285/1525 c.e.)

EVENT: A mass burning of Jewish books takes place in Rome (5314/1553 c.e.)

EVENT: The Shulchan Aruch is composed by R' Yosef Karo (5323/1563 c.e.)

EVENT: The Shulchan Aruch is published with the supplements of the Rema (5330/1570 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ari'zal dies in Tzfas (Safed) (5332/1572 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maharshal dies (5334/1573 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yosef Karo dies in Tzfas (5335/1575 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maharal returns to Prague again (5359/1599 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maharsha becomes the Rabbi of Lublin (5374/1614 c.e.)

EVENT: The Tosafos Yom Tov commentary is completed (5377/1616 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Shaloh arrrives in Eretz Yisroel (5382/1621 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yom Tov Lipman is imprisoned in Prague (5389/1629 c.e.)

PERSON(Jews): R' Yoel Sirkes & The Bach die (5400/1640 c.e.)

EVENT: The Shach and Taz Commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch are printed (5406/1646 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews are massacred by Chmielnitzki's Russian forces (5408/1648 c.e.)

EVENT: The first Jews settle in New Amsterdam (soon to be renamed New York) (5414/1654 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews are killed in Russian and Swedish invasions of Poland (5415/1655 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews are permitted to live in England (5416/1656 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Baruch Spinoza is excommunicated (5416/1656 c.e.)

EVENT: The Magen Avraham Commentary on the Shulchan Aruch is completed (5433/1673 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Shabbataai Tzvi dies as a Muslim (5437/1676 c.e.)

EVENT: The Bais Shmuel Commentary on the Shulchan Aruch is printed (5449/1689 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ba'al Shem Tov is born (5458/1698 c.e.)

EVENT: The P'nei Yehoshua's family is killed in an explosion (5463/1702 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Sifsei Chachamim is arrested (5472/1712 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yaakov Culi (the Me'am Lo'ez) is arrested in Constantinople (5484/1724 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Mishnah LeMelech dies (5487/1727 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews are massacred by the Haidamack mobs (5494/1734 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Or HaChayim arrives in Eretz Yisroel (5501/1741 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (the Ramchal) dies in Acco (Acre) (5507/1747 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yonatan Eybeshutz becomes Rabbi of Hamburg (5510/1750 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Noda BiYehuda becomes Rabbi of Prague (5515/1754 c.e.)

PERSONS(Jews): The Frankists instigate the burning of the Talmud (5518/1757 c.e.)

PERSONS(Jews): The Frankists support Blood Libel charges against Jews (5519/1759 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ba'al Shem Tov dies (5520/1760 c.e.)

EVENT: The Va'ad Arba Arazot is discontinued (5524/1764 c.e.)

EVENT: The Haidamacks massacre thousands of Jews (5528/1768 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Maggid of Mezeritsch dies (5532/1772 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Elimelech of Lizensk dies (5546/1786 c.e.)

EVENT: The Pale of Settlement is established in Russia (5551/1791 c.e.)

EVENT: The French Revolution & the Reign of Terror lead to Jewish suffering (5553/1793 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Vilna Gaon dies (5558/1797 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Ba'al HaTanya is released from his first imprisonment (5559/1798 c.e.)

PERSON(Non-Jew): Napoleon leads an army expedition through Eretz Yisroel (5559/1799 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Chida (R' Chaim Yosef Dovid Azulai) dies (5566/1806 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Chassam Sofer becomes the Rabbi in Pressburg (5566/1806 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev dies (5570/1809 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Nachman of Bratslav dies (5571/1810 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Akiva Eger is Rabbi of Posen )5574/1814 c.e.)

PERSONS(Jews): The Kozhnitzer Maggid & Yehudi of Pershisskha die (5575/1814 c.e.)

PERSONS(Jews): The Chozeh of Lublin & R' Mendel of Rymanov die (5575/1815 c.e.)

EVENT: Anti-Jewish "Hep! Hep!") riots spread across Germany (5579/1819 c.e.)

EVENT: Russians begin forced conscription of Jewish children into the army (5587/1827 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Admor R' Yisroel of Ruzhin is released from prison (5600/1840 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Tzemach Tzedek is arrested in Russia (5603/1843 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): Sir Moshe Montefiore visits Russia to help Jews (5606/1846 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Yisroel Salanter leaves Vilna (5609/1848 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Shimshon Rapha'el Hirsch is Rabbi in Frankfurt am Main (5611/1851 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Menachem mendel of Kotzk dies (5619/1859 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Malbim is imprisoned and expelled from Rumania (5624/1864 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Chidushei HaRim dies (5626/1866 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Chofetz Chaim is published (5633/1873 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Minchas Chinuch dies (5634/1874 c.e.)

EVENT: The Petach Tikva agricultural settlement is established in Eretz Yisroel (5638/1878 c.e.)

EVENT: Many Jews begin leaving Russia after numerous pogroms (5641/1881 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Shlomo Ganzfried (author of the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch) dies (5646/1886 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): R' Chaim Brisker becomes the Rabbi in Brisk (5652/1892 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Sfass Emess dies (5665/1905 c.e)

EVENT: Many Jews are killed in sanctioned Russian pogroms (5665/1905 c.e.)

EVENT: The Chazon Ish is published (5671/1911 c.e.)

EVENT: More than 500,000 Jewish soldiers fight in World War I (5674/1914 c.e)

EVENT: More than 60,000 Jews are killed during the Russian Revolution (5678/1918 c.e.)

EVENT: The Daf Yomi (Talmud Page-A-Day) cycle begins (5684/1923 c.e.)

PERSON(Jew): The Lubavitcher Rebbe is released from a Soviet prison (5687/1927 c.e.)

EVENT: Jews and their businesses are attacked in Kristallnacht pogroms in Germany (5699/1938 c.e.)

EVENT: Germany starts World War II & their mass execution of European Jewry (5699/1939 c.e.)

EVENT: 200,000 Jews are killed at Babi Yar and Ponary (5701/1941 c.e.)

EVENT: 400,000 Warsaw Jews are sent to death camps (5702/1942 c.e.)

EVENT: The remaining Warsaw Jews revolt (5703/1943 c.e.)

EVENTS: Jewish uprisings at Bialystok, Treblinka, and Sobibor

EVENT: 300,000 Hungarian Jews are killed in a period of three months (5704/1944 c.e.)

EVENT: An uprising at Auschwitz just before freedom comes (5705/1944 c.e.)

EVENT: Nazi Germany surrenders; World War II is over (5705/1945 c.e.)

EVENT: 6,000,000 Jews have been killed by Nazis during World War II (5705/1945 c.e.)

EVENT: Publication of the Talmud Encyclopedia begins (5707/1947 c.e.)

EVENT: The United Nations vote to partition Palestine and create the modern-day State of Yisroel (5708/1947 c.e.)

EVENT: Arabs attack Jews in Eretz Yisroel in order to gain territory (5708/1947 c.e.)

EVENT: The State of Israel is established in the Land of Israel (5708/1948 c.e.)

EVENT: Eretz Yisroel is attacked by many Arab armies (5708/1948 c.e.)

EVENT: The "War of Independence" ends (5709/1949 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews leave Iraq for Eretz Yisroel (5710/1950 c.e.)

EVENT: The Jews of Yemen move to Eretz Yisroel (5710/1950 c.e.)

EVENT: Jewish forces conquer the Sinai Peninsula (5717/1956 c.e.)

EVENT: Yerushalayim re-united by the Six Day War (5727/1967 c.e.)

EVENT: 2500 Jewish soldier die in the Yom Kippur War (5734/1973 c.e.)

EVENT: An arsenal of enemy weapons is discovered in Lebanon (5742/1982 c.e.)

####: to be continued....

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

NOTE: Some of the following items come from a book entitled "The WAR Against the JEW" by Dagobert D. Runes. The book deals with the "war" that the Christian Church has waged against the Jewish people since the two divided over the issue of whether or not Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah, and, more centrally, over the absolute oneness of G-d (v. the Christian "trinity"). The items sourced from this book could be painful to some views of our web site. We do not intend to disparage, but rather to educate. Please read these entries with this in mind. The entries will be marked ny a red asterisk (*).

*THING/TERM: "Adversus Judaeos" (####-####/60-500 c.e.) -- an over-all term for Anti-Jewish literature, especially that literature written by the Early Church Fathers. The most vicious of them all was St. John Chrysostom, a fifth-century Church Father who said (amongst other diatribes) the following referring to the Jews: "They are rapists, pushy, deceitful, hucksters... lustful, rapacious, greedy, impure, debauchers." The Nazi propagandist Streicher often plagiarized, and many times quoted these Church writings.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): St. John Crysostom (####-####/###-### c.e.)

*PERSON(Non-Jew): St. Ambrose (####-####/???-??? c.e.) This fourth century bishop of Milan, scolded the Emperor Theodosius for ordering the rebuilding of a Mesopotamian synagogue that had been burnt down by a mob led by monks. In his fervor to right Theodosius's wrong, St. Ambrose offered to burn down the synagogue in Milan -- unfortunately, other Christians had already beat him to the punch.

PERSON(Non-Jew): St. Athanasius (####-####/4th century c.e.) This bishop of Alexandria, remembered by the Church as the father of Orthodox Christianity, insisted that the Church use the sword against the Jews. St. Athanasius held that tolerance toward the Jews was akin to treason against Christ.

PERSON(Non-Jew): St. Augustine (####-####/354-430 c.e.) The bishop of Hippo, St. Augustine, is considered to be one of the most influential of the Church Fathers. He called Judaism "a corruption". He said further: "The true image of the Hebrew is Judas Iscariot, who sells the Lord for silver. The Jew can never understand the Scriptures and forever will bear the guilt for the death of Jesus." In St. Augustine's judgement, the Jew should forever spend his life as a slave.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Saint Agobard (####-####/779-840 c.e.) An Archbishop of Lyon who directed his energies toward the spread of anti-Jewish thought. In long epistles he "proved" that the Jews were: "born slaves", were "stealing Christian children and selling them to the Arabs," and are "accursed by G-d and should be so regarded by all Christians." Agobard's statements have also been mimicked by modern-day anti-Semites.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Amulo (Bishop of Lyon ####-####/841-852 c.e.) who succeeded Saint Agobard, was also a prolific writer. Amulo claimed that the Mosaic religion was an accursed faith. Amulo had the honor of being much quoted by the Nazis in their propaganda.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Alexander III (####-####/1159-1181 c.e.), a Roman Catholic Pope who chastised King Louis VII of France for treating the Jews, the "killers of the Savior", too kindly.

PERSON(Non-Jew): Arnold of Citeaux (####-####/1198-1216 c.e.) Citeaux, a Cistercian monk and protégé of Innocent III, the Roman Catholic Pope, lead a hoard of Crusaders against the Albigenses, killing 200 Jews, but gracefully allowing a few Jews to accept the cross and thus spare their lives.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Albert Magnus (####-####/1206-1280 c.e.) A Bishop of the Catholic Church, Magnus was also one of the Church's preeminent philosophers. He presided over a "tribunal" in ####/1248 c.e. that found the books of the Talmud to be "pernicious" literature. (During the Nazi Era, German theologians borrowed the language of the ####/1248 c.e. "trial", for example, the term "Talmud Jews".

THING/TERM: "Anti-Christ" (13th Century) The Clergy of Europe depict the Christian Anti-Christ as an offspring of the Jews, who was to be supported by the Jews, and who would replace Christianity -- the "true" faith -- with a resurgent Judaism. In medieval plays, the Devil wears a Jew badge, has curly hair, and a hooked nose.

PLACE: Anjou (####/1236 c.e.) A French city where thousands of Jews were murdered during the First Crusade.

PLACE: Anjou (####/1239 c.e.) A French city where thousands of Jews were murdered during the Second Crusade.

PERSON (Non-Jew): St. Thomas Aquinas (####-####/1227-1274 c.e.) This highly regarded Catholic philosopher, defended keeping the Jews as slaves. He wrote: "The Jews refuse to work, they never do anything, that's why they become more and more avaricious."

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Alfonso X (####-####/1252-1284 c.e.) During the reign of this Castilian Monarch, the Las siete partidas (the "Seven Part Code") was implemented by the Roman Catholic hierarchy. One of these parts reads: "We order that no Jew shall dare to bathe in company with Christians. Once again, Hitler merely looked at past anti-Jewish behavior and emulated it. He adopted much of the Las siete partidas, banning Jews from beaches and baths. Both leaders succeeded in their quests as after a time with these types of laws in force the only Jews who could be found in Germany and Catholic Spain were those populating cemeteries.

PLACE: Anjou (####/1271 c.e.) A French city where thousands of Jews were murdered during the Third Crusade.

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Alfonso De Spina (####-####/????-???? c.e.) Highly regarded Spanish theologian who "proved" in his work, Fortalitium fidei -- using the Talmud as his source -- that the Jews were the children of the Devil. He, of course, was only "proving" what the Christian Testament, quoting Jesus of Nazareth, had said before him:
" Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they (the non-believing Jews) to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word. Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it. And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not. Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me? He that is of God heareth God's words: ye therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God." (John 8:41-47)

*PLACE: Albi (####/1320 c.e.) A French town where, in ####/1320 c.e., the entire Jewish population was wiped out by authorities of the Catholic Church.

PLACE: Apulia (1300s) This district of Southern Italy saw the Dominican order of monks destroy all of the Jewish cemeteries, as well as convert all of the synagogues into churches. The Jewish population was given two choices by King Charles I -- either convert to Christianity, or be burned at the stake. 8000 Jews accepted the offer to convert, while the others fled.

*PERSON(Jew): Samuel Halevi Abulafia (####-####/1320-1360 c.e.) The Jewish treasurer of Don Pedro of Castile. Abulafia was the victim of a conspiracy of the Catholic clergy who saw to it that he was tortured to death.

PLACE: Ansbach (####/1349 c.e.) This Bavarian town was completely annihilated by pogromists singing Christian songs.

PLACE: Aragon (1300s) This province of Spain saw thousands of Jews either baptized of murdered. Under King Martin, those who lived through the pogroms of Father Vincente Ferrer, were forced to destroy their Jewish texts and wear a badge designating them as Jews.
Pope Benedict XIII, a schismatic who was forced to seek shelter in his native region of Aragon, in 1415 issued the Papal Bull Etsi Doctoribus Gentium, barring Jews from holding any office, or practicing professions such as physician, chemist, or merchant. All Jews who had not reached the age of twelve years were forced to listen to proselytizing sermons thrice each year.

PLACE(?): Armleder (1300s). A group in Alsace, led by John Zimberlin, accepted upon themselves the obligation to avenge the crucifixion by murdering Jews. Their exuberance at fulfilling their task was only eclipsed by the Black Death massacres in Central Europe.

PERSON(Non-Jew): Pedro Arbries (####-####/1441-1485 c.e.) Arbries was one of the most ardent "inquisitors into the faith", mercilessly attempting to expose all "reversos" to Judaism. He was assassinated by a Marrano. Pedro Arbries, a true monster, was canonized by Pope Pius IX in 1867.

PLACE: Arles (####/1484 c.e.) This French city, on the 8th of April, 1484, was host to monk led mobs who attacked the Jewish population, converting half of the Jews, and killing the rest. Contemporaneous retellings of the event hail this pogrom as a "victory for Christ".

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Albrecht of Brandenberg. In ####/1516 c.e., this Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church, began a movement bent upon expelling all of the Jews from Germany. He was only partially successful as can be attested to the fact that there were still Jews in Germany for Hitler to use as scapegoats.

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Duke of Alba (####-####/1508-1582 c.e.) Spanish aristocrat and rabid anti-Jew, the Duke of Alba prohibited the printing of Jewish texts in the Netherlands. (A similar tactic was enacted by former seminary student, Joseph Stalin, in the former Soviet Union. Stalin did give up his Christian faith, but the anti-Jewish attitudes he learned stuck with him.)

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Abraham A. Santa Clara (5404-5469/1644-1709 c.e.) Augustinian monk who said of the Jews: "After the Devil the Christians have no greater enemy than the Jew... Are there any greater scoundrels than Jews?" Santa Clara also accused the Jews of bringing about The Plague.

PLACE: Aussee (####/1722 c.e.) The Catholic Church ordered that the synagogue of this Austrian town be burned down because a Catholic priest, who had entered the synagogue during the Jewish High Holy Days, had been refused the right to give a conversion sermon.

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Alexander I (####-####/1777-1825 c.e.) This Russian Czar, on two different occasions (10 August 1824 and 13 January 1825), expelled Jews from villages to certain restricted towns, forbidding the from have Christian servants. These events mirrored the attitudes of medieval Catholicism.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Ivan Sergeyevich Aksakov (####-####/1823-1886 c.e.) Russian journalist whose anti-Semitic writings were supported by the clergy of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

PERSON(Non-Jew): (3333/1867 c.e.) Pope Pius IX canonizes Pedro Arbries.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Alexander III (####-####/1845-1894 c.e.) The coronation of this anti-Jewish Czar was celebrated by the breaking-out of pogroms in some 160 locals. Jewish women was publicly raped, and thousands of Jews were beaten, some killed, and their property confiscated or burnt. Russian Orthodox clergy helped to spread the pogroms, using the climate to sermonize about the "Christ Killers". In ####/1881 c.e the persecution of Jews began on Christmas day, following church services. Both military and civilian authorities, who had been brought up in an atmosphere of anti-Jewishness, instead of protecting the Jewish population, joined in on the pogrom. Anti-Jewish propaganda was used to solicit funds from Jew haters in order top line the pockets of opportunists. In 1890, liberal Americans appealed to the Czar to allow the Jews under his control access to the Russian economy, arts, but most importantly the freedom to move about the country. The Czar replied, quoting the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Kiev: "Let us never forget that the Jews crucified our Lord and spilled His precious blood." Another Alexander III, the Roman Catholic Pope from ####-####/1159-1181 c.e., chastised King Louis VII of France for treating the Jews, the "killers of the Savior", too kindly.

THING/TERM: "Anti-Semitism" (####/1879 c.e.) The Term was first used by Wilhelm Marr in his work Der Sieg des Judenthums uber das Germanenthum ("The Victory of Judaism over Germanism")

THING/TERM: Anti-Semitism in Absentia (present day) One of the uniquenesses of Jew-hatred is that rarely are the acts resulting from this hatred ever instigated by the behavior of the Jews themselves. Rather, the educational processes of the Christian Church are to blame. The three most openly anti-Semitic countries as of late -- Austria, Poland, and Bavaria -- have little or no Jewish population, yet the vast majority of their youth are rabidly anti-Semitic, and carry around with them hatred for "the Christ killers" even though they most likely have never met a Jew in their lives. Similarly, Spain, Portugal, and England, all retained their blinding fury with regards to the people who "tortured their Savior" and who are the "Children of the Devil" (see John Chapter 8), even though for many years Jews were forbidden to live in these countries. All That any of the citizens of these countries knew of the Jews, they learned from their liturgy -- but that was enough to leave them rabid with anti-Jewish feelings. You see, it's not the presence of Jews in their midst that causes anti-Semitism, but rather the presence of the anti-Jewish teachings of the New Testament that infuses hate.
The story is similar throughout Western and Southern Europe -- especially during the early years of the 1700s. The Church, with its anti-Semitic teachings, forced the Jews out of their countries, and pushed them toward the lesser developed areas of Russia and the Muslim countries. With all of the Jews gone, it makes sense that the anti-Jewish rhetoric would be quelled -- but this is not what happened. Instead the clergy, from the pulpit, and through the printing press, managed to keep the minds of their parishioners fomenting. The clergy continued to label the Jews as "G-d killers", "Profaners of the Host", "Vampires", "Bringers of the Black Death" (even though Jews were dying of the Plague as well!), and "Instigators of the Mongols and the Muslims" who the Jews were accused of setting loose against the Church.
These fabrications concerning the Jews may seem ridiculous to us today, but the the largely illiterate peasants of Europe, these charges were all that was necessary to get a mob going, and many Jewish communities were over-run because of these kinds of lies.

*PLACE: Algiers (February, 1898/####) When anti-Jewish mobs attacked Jewish businesses in Algiers, A French Catholic newspaper, La Croix, claimed that Christ himself was protecting the Christian businesses. What seems to have eluded the editors of La Croix was the fact that the night previous to the pogrom in Algiers, each of the Jewish shops had been designated by a white Star of David. Once again, the Brown Shirt Nazis copied their anti-Jewish forerunners by doing the same to Jewish business before pogroms. Would the editors of La Croix have claimed that Christ once again protected the German Christian businesses?

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Herman Ahlwandt (####-####/1846-#### c.e.) A Prussian journalist and anti-Semite. Ahlwandt was supported by the Protestant clergy, and helped to prepare the soil for the rise of Nazism.

*PERSON(Non-Jew): Joseph Stalin (####-####/18##-195# c.e.) Stalin, a former seminary student, did give up his Christian faith, but the anti-Jewish attitudes he learned stuck with him....

*EVENT: Aktion Reinhard (####-####/1932-1945 +/-) Aktion Reinhard, named for its director, Reinhard Heydrich, was the code name for a Nazi plan to confiscate the property of the Jews of Germany. Heydrich simply copied a system that had been put into place by the Catholic Church which had been used off and on to despoil the Jews of their belongings thus enriching the Church and her leaders. The Church had refined various models for expropriating Jewish property, using execution and expulsion as means by which to accomplish their goals. Reinhard Heydrich and the Nazis simply "improved" upon an existing system.

PLACE: Austria. Austria, a predominantly Catholic country, has the distinction of being the most anti-Semitic European country of the past 100 years. Not only was Austria the birthplace of Adolf Hitler, but this small state spawned such Jew haters as Father August Rohling, Georg von Schoenerer, and Karl Lueger who, aided by clerical organizations and the press, tasked themselves with excluding Jews from all economic and cultural life in Austria....

THING/TERM: Aryan Christianity (####/1939 c.e.) Archbishop Konrad Gröber, in a pastoral letter, postulated that Jesus of Nazareth was totally different that all of the other Jews and, thus, they killed him.
A bishop from Limburg, Hilfrich, "reasoned" that Christianity could not be considered to be a product of the Jewish people, thus Christianity was not un-German, and was, in fact, in harmony with the German spirit.
These, as well as other articles and books containing Christian anti-Semitism, bare the imprimatur of the Church. The head of the German church in Rome, Bishop Alois Hudal, stated that the Nuremberg Laws were needed in order to defend Christian Germany against Jewish influences.

*PERSON (Non-Jew): Bishop Luigi Carli (1968 c.e. +/-), head of a Vatican Curia committee tasked with offering a "Schema on the Jews", stated that the Mosaic religion is a cursed faith.

PLACE: Argentina (####-####/1968 to the present day). In this South American country, anti-Semitism of today -- represented by the Tacuara -- is based upon Christian anti-Semitism of the past. The spiritual head of the Tacuara (as of ####/1968 c.e.) is a Catholic priest, Dr. Alberto Contreras. Contreras's organization hosts Nazi-style meetings, complete with the Hitler salute, in front of the Cathedral of St. Francis, and with full knowledge of the Archbishop.